Ko ngā mahi a te umanga taumaha—mai i ngā papaaho taiwhenua ki ngā tauhohenga matū—e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hanganga whakarewa e tu atu ana i ngā taiao kino, waikura i ia rā, i ia rā. Ina pakaru ēnei hanganga nā te ngoikore o te ātete ki te waikura, ka piki haere ngā utu: te wā kore mahi i whakaritea, ngā whakatikatika utu nui, tae atu ki ngā mōrearea haumaru. Kāore he mea miharo kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā rauemi whakarewa pono e ātete ana ki te waikura, me ngā koranu pēnei iER316Le puta ake ana hei otinga matua mō ngā tono nui. Ehara tēnei panoni i te mea he ia au noa iho—he urupare ki ngā wero puta noa i te ahumahi e pā ana ki ngā kaihoko me ngā miihini i ia rā.
Mō ngā kaihoko ahumahi taumaha, he mārama te kaupapa matua: ngā rauemi e tuku ana i te mahi pumau me te kore e whakararu i te roa, i te tutuki rānei o ngā whakaritenga. Ko te waikura, inā koa nā ngā taiao whai kōhaita, nā ngā pāmahana tino kino rānei, te take matua o ngā rahunga whakarewa. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga hou ko te 37.6% o ngā pakaru e pā ana ki te whakarewa i ahu mai i te mahi koretake o ngā rauemi, i te ātete ngoikore rānei ki ngā āhuatanga uaua. Koinei te wāhi e tū motuhake ai te waea whakarewa maitai kore waikura ER316L—ehara i te mea he hua noa iho, engari he otinga ki ēnei āhuatanga mamae whānui.
He waea whakarewa maitai kore waikura austenitic iti-waro te ER316L, e mōhiotia ana e tōna ihirangi molybdenum (2.0%-3.0%) e whakanui ana i te ātete ki te waikura pitting me te crevice—e rua o ngā momo waikura tino kino i roto i te ahumahi taumaha. He rerekē ki ngā koranu paerewa pēnei i te ER304L, ko tōna tāpiri molybdenum ka whakanui ake i te Tau Ātete Pitting ki te 24-28, he mea tino pai mō ngā taiao e kore e taea te karo i te pānga o te chloride. Ko tōna ihirangi waro iti (≤0.03%) ka ārai hoki i te waikura intergranular, he take noa ina whakaatuhia ngā hanganga whakarewa ki ngā huringa wera ngawari.
Heoi, ko te mea nui ki ngā kaihoko ahumahi, ko te pēheaER316Le hangai ana ki ngā hiahia o te ao tūturu o te umanga taumaha. Mēnā he whakaaro ki ngā kaupapa hangarau moana me ngā kaupapa takutai moana: ka tū pakari ngā hanganga o konei ki te rumaki tonu i te wai moana, te rehu tote, me ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana. Mā te kaha o te ER316L ki te pupuri i te pono o te hanganga i roto i ēnei āhuatanga ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō te tiaki auau, he mea nui hei penapena utu mā ngā kaiwhakahaere. Waihoki, i roto i ngā rāngai matū me te hinu-matū, kei reira ngā wai waikawa me ngā wai pūhaumāota, mā te ātete waikura o te ER316L ka tutuki ngā paerewa haumaru, ā, ka roa ake te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu.
Ko te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō ngā rauemi whakarewa ātete-waikura pēnei i teER316Le hono ana hoki ki ngā panonitanga whānui o te ahumahi: te nekehanga a te ahumahi taumaha ki te hanga matomato me ngā whakapainga taputapu teitei. I te mea e whakakaha ana ngā ture e pā ana ki ngā tukunga me te oranga tonutanga, kei te rapu ngā kaihoko i ngā rauemi e tautoko ana i te whai huatanga me te hoahoa taiao. Ka tutuki te ER316L i tēnei pire mā te whakahohe i ngā hanganga roa ake te mau—te whakaiti i te tapuwae waro e pā ana ki ngā whakakapinga me ngā whakatikatika. Hei tāpiri, i te mea e whānui haere ana ngā rāngai pēnei i te pūngao whakahou, ka tipu haere te hiahia mō ngā otinga whakarewa ātete-waikura i roto i ngā taiao tino kino.
Mō ngā kaihoko e whakateretere ana i te mākete, ko te whiriwhiri i te rauemi whakarewa ātete-waikura tika ehara i te mea ko te whiriwhiri noa i tētahi hua—engari ko te whakataurite i te koranu ki te tono.ER316LKa taurite te mahi me te whaihua: he pai ake te ātete ki te waikura ki ngā koranu taumata-tīmatanga, ā, he iti ake te utu i ngā momo koranu molybdenum teitei pērā i te ER317L. He tino pai hoki tōna āheinga whakarewa, he hototahi ki ngā tikanga noa pērā i te GTAW me te GMAW, ā, he pai te mahi tahi me te maitai kore waikura 316L me ngā maitai rerekē pērā i te 304L, e tāpiri ana i te whānui o ngā mahi mō ngā kaupapa uaua.
Ko te pumau o te kounga tētahi atu mea e kore e taea te whiriwhiri mā ngā kaihoko o ngā umanga taumaha—ā, he take matua tēnei e nui ai te tono mō te ER316L. Ka taea e te kounga puranga koretake te arahi ki ngā rahunga kino, inā koa i roto i ngā tono nui pēnei i te rokiroki LNG me ngā taputapu hiko karihi. Ka piri ngā kaiwhakarato ER316L rongonui ki ngā paerewa pakari hei whakarite kia ōrite te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga miihini, me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā rerekētanga o te mahi. Me whakatairanga ngā kaihoko i ngā kaiwhakarato e tuku ana i ngā tuhinga whai me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, nā te mea he tohu ēnei mō ngā hua pono, kounga teitei.
I te tirohanga whakamua, ka piki ake te hiahia mō ngā rauemi whakarewa ātete-waikura i roto i ngā ahumahi taumaha i te mea ka tere haere te mahi a ngā taputapu i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino kino, ā, ka noho ko te pumau hei kaupapa matua. Ka noho tonu te ER316L hei mea nui mā ngā kaihoko e rapu ana i tētahi otinga kua whakamātauhia, he maha ngā whakamahinga e aro ana ki ngā wero waikura, e whakaiti ana i ngā utu mō te wā roa, ā, e hangai ana ki ngā au o te ahumahi. Mō te hunga kei roto i ngā ahumahi taumaha, ehara i te mea he hoko noa te haumi ki ngā rauemi whakarewa ātete-waikura tika—he haumitanga ki te pono me te haumaru o te mahi.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-22-2026